AWS Step Functions vs LangGraph
A side-by-side comparison of AWS Step Functions and LangGraph across 26 workflow orchestration capabilities. AWS Step Functions fully supports 18 of them and LangGraph fully supports 21; of the 12 mandatory features, AWS Step Functions covers 10 and LangGraph covers 10.
AWS Step Functions
AWS Step Functions is a fully managed, serverless workflow orchestration service that coordinates AWS services, Lambda functions and microservices using state machines defined in Amazon States Language.
LangGraph
LangGraph is a stateful, graph-based orchestration framework for building, managing, and deploying long-running agentic LLM applications and workflows.
Feature comparison
12 of 26 capabilities differ between AWS Step Functions and LangGraph.
| Capability | Importance* | AWS Step Functions | LangGraph |
|---|---|---|---|
DAG-based workflow definition Define dependencies and execution order Mandatory | Mandatory | Partial | Yes |
Code-first workflows Versionable, testable workflows Mandatory | Mandatory | Partial | Yes |
Declarative workflow model Predictability, reproducibility Mandatory | Mandatory | Yes | Partial |
Task dependency resolution Correct execution order Mandatory | Mandatory | Yes | Yes |
Persistent workflow state Crash recovery, observability Mandatory | Mandatory | Yes | Yes |
Task retries Handle transient failures Mandatory | Mandatory | Yes | Yes |
Retry policies (backoff, limits) Avoid cascading failures Recommended | Recommended | Yes | Yes |
Scheduling (cron / time-based) Automated recurring workflows Depends | Depends | Partial | No |
Event-driven execution React to external systems Depends | Depends | Yes | Yes |
Backfills / replays Reprocess historical data Depends | Depends | No | Yes |
Idempotency support Safe retries & replays Mandatory | Mandatory | Yes | Partial |
Exactly-once semantics Correctness for business workflows Optional | Optional | Yes | No |
Long-running workflows (days/months) Business processes, approvals Depends | Depends | Yes | Yes |
Human-in-the-loop steps Approvals, manual actions Optional | Optional | Yes | Yes |
Dynamic workflows at runtime Conditional execution Depends | Depends | Partial | Yes |
Workflow versioning Safe evolution over time Recommended | Recommended | Yes | Yes |
Distributed execution Scalability Mandatory | Mandatory | Yes | Yes |
High availability scheduler Production reliability Recommended | Recommended | Yes | Yes |
Fault-tolerant execution Crash safety Mandatory | Mandatory | Yes | Yes |
Observability (logs, states, UI) Debugging & ops Mandatory | Mandatory | Yes | Yes |
Workflow-level visibility Understand end-to-end runs Mandatory | Mandatory | Yes | Yes |
Task isolation Failure containment Mandatory | Mandatory | Yes | Yes |
Native Kubernetes support Modern infra compatibility Depends | Depends | Partial | Yes |
Multi-language SDKs Polyglot systems Optional | Optional | Yes | No |
Deterministic replay Safe recovery & correctness Optional | Optional | No | Yes |
Pluggable execution backends Flexibility Recommended | Recommended | No | Yes |
* To be considered a complete workflow orchestration tool, a tool must implement the features marked as mandatory according to our assessment.
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Read the full profiles, including pros and cons, installation and alternatives.
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