

Luigi vs Windmill
A side-by-side comparison of Luigi and Windmill across 26 workflow orchestration capabilities. Luigi fully supports 7 of them and Windmill fully supports 21; of the 12 mandatory features, Luigi covers 6 and Windmill covers 11.
Luigi
Luigi is an open-source Python package from Spotify for building complex pipelines of batch jobs, handling dependency resolution, workflow management and visualization.
Windmill
Windmill is an open-source developer platform and workflow engine that turns scripts in Python, TypeScript, Go, Bash, SQL and more into workflows, scheduled jobs, webhooks and internal apps.
Feature comparison
16 of 26 capabilities differ between Luigi and Windmill.
| Capability | Importance* | ||
|---|---|---|---|
DAG-based workflow definition Define dependencies and execution order Mandatory | Mandatory | Yes | Yes |
Code-first workflows Versionable, testable workflows Mandatory | Mandatory | Yes | Yes |
Declarative workflow model Predictability, reproducibility Mandatory | Mandatory | No | Yes |
Task dependency resolution Correct execution order Mandatory | Mandatory | Yes | Yes |
Persistent workflow state Crash recovery, observability Mandatory | Mandatory | Partial | Yes |
Task retries Handle transient failures Mandatory | Mandatory | Yes | Yes |
Retry policies (backoff, limits) Avoid cascading failures Recommended | Recommended | No | Yes |
Scheduling (cron / time-based) Automated recurring workflows Depends | Depends | Yes | Yes |
Event-driven execution React to external systems Depends | Depends | No | Yes |
Backfills / replays Reprocess historical data Depends | Depends | No | No |
Idempotency support Safe retries & replays Mandatory | Mandatory | No | Partial |
Exactly-once semantics Correctness for business workflows Optional | Optional | No | No |
Long-running workflows (days/months) Business processes, approvals Depends | Depends | No | Yes |
Human-in-the-loop steps Approvals, manual actions Optional | Optional | No | Yes |
Dynamic workflows at runtime Conditional execution Depends | Depends | No | Yes |
Workflow versioning Safe evolution over time Recommended | Recommended | No | Yes |
Distributed execution Scalability Mandatory | Mandatory | Yes | Yes |
High availability scheduler Production reliability Recommended | Recommended | No | Yes |
Fault-tolerant execution Crash safety Mandatory | Mandatory | No | Yes |
Observability (logs, states, UI) Debugging & ops Mandatory | Mandatory | Partial | Yes |
Workflow-level visibility Understand end-to-end runs Mandatory | Mandatory | Partial | Yes |
Task isolation Failure containment Mandatory | Mandatory | Yes | Yes |
Native Kubernetes support Modern infra compatibility Depends | Depends | No | Yes |
Multi-language SDKs Polyglot systems Optional | Optional | No | Yes |
Deterministic replay Safe recovery & correctness Optional | Optional | No | No |
Pluggable execution backends Flexibility Recommended | Recommended | No | Partial |
* To be considered a complete workflow orchestration tool, a tool must implement the features marked as mandatory according to our assessment.
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Learn more
Read the full profiles, including pros and cons, installation and alternatives.
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